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// Package expvarom implements an OpenMetrics HTTP exporter for the variables
// from the expvar package.
//
// This is useful for small servers that want to support both packages with
// simple enough variables, without introducing any dependencies beyond the
// standard library.
//
// Some functions to add descriptions and map labels are exported for
// convenience, but their usage is optional.
//
// For more complex usage (like histograms, counters vs. gauges, etc.), use
// the OpenMetrics libraries directly.
//
// The exporter uses the text-based format, as documented in:
// https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats/#text-based-format
// https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/specification/OpenMetrics.md
//
// Note the adoption of that format as OpenMetrics' one isn't finalized yet,
// and it is possible that it will change in the future.
//
// Backwards compatibility is NOT guaranteed, until the format is fully
// standarized.
package expvarom

import (
	"expvar"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"unicode/utf8"
)

type exportedVar struct {
	Name      string
	Desc      string
	LabelName string

	I *expvar.Int
	F *expvar.Float
	M *expvar.Map
}

var (
	infoMu        = sync.Mutex{}
	descriptions  = map[string]string{}
	mapLabelNames = map[string]string{}
)

// MetricsHandler implements an http.HandlerFunc which serves the registered
// metrics, using the OpenMetrics text-based format.
func MetricsHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type",
		"application/openmetrics-text; version=1.0.0; charset=utf-8")

	vars := []exportedVar{}
	ignored := []string{}
	expvar.Do(func(kv expvar.KeyValue) {
		evar := exportedVar{
			Name: metricNameToOM(kv.Key),
		}
		switch value := kv.Value.(type) {
		case *expvar.Int:
			evar.I = value
		case *expvar.Float:
			evar.F = value
		case *expvar.Map:
			evar.M = value
		default:
			// Unsupported type, ignore this variable.
			ignored = append(ignored, evar.Name)
			return
		}

		infoMu.Lock()
		evar.Desc = descriptions[kv.Key]
		evar.LabelName = mapLabelNames[kv.Key]
		infoMu.Unlock()

		// OM maps need a label name, while expvar ones do not. If we weren't
		// told what to use, use a generic "key".
		if evar.LabelName == "" {
			evar.LabelName = "key"
		}

		vars = append(vars, evar)
	})

	// Sort the variables for reproducibility and readability.
	sort.Slice(vars, func(i, j int) bool {
		return vars[i].Name < vars[j].Name
	})

	for _, v := range vars {
		writeVar(w, &v)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "# Generated by expvarom\n")
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "# EXPERIMENTAL - Format is not fully standard yet\n")
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "# Ignored variables: %q\n", ignored)
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "# EOF\n") // Mandated by the standard.
}

func writeVar(w io.Writer, v *exportedVar) {
	if v.Desc != "" {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "# HELP %s %s\n", v.Name, v.Desc)
	}

	if v.I != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s %d\n\n", v.Name, v.I.Value())
		return
	}

	if v.F != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s %g\n\n", v.Name, v.F.Value())
		return
	}

	if v.M != nil {
		count := 0
		v.M.Do(func(kv expvar.KeyValue) {
			vs := ""
			switch value := kv.Value.(type) {
			case *expvar.Int:
				vs = strconv.FormatInt(value.Value(), 10)
			case *expvar.Float:
				vs = strconv.FormatFloat(value.Value(), 'g', -1, 64)
			default:
				// We only support Int and Float in maps.
				return
			}

			labelValue := quoteLabelValue(kv.Key)

			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s{%s=%s} %s\n",
				v.Name, v.LabelName, labelValue, vs)
			count++
		})
		if count > 0 {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n")
		}
	}
}

// metricNameToOM converts an expvar metric name into an OpenMetrics-compliant
// metric name. The latter is more restrictive, as it must match the regexp
// "[a-zA-Z_:][a-zA-Z0-9_:]*", AND the ':' is not allowed for a direct
// exporter.
//
// https://prometheus.io/docs/concepts/data_model/#metric-names-and-labels
func metricNameToOM(name string) string {
	n := ""
	for _, c := range name {
		if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
			(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
			(c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
			c == '_' {
			n += string(c)
		} else {
			n += "_"
		}
	}

	// If it begins with a number, prepend 'i' as a compromise.
	if len(n) > 0 && n[0] >= '0' && n[0] <= '9' {
		n = "i" + n
	}

	return n
}

// According to the spec, we only need to replace these 3 characters in label
// values.
var labelValueReplacer = strings.NewReplacer(
	`\`, `\\`,
	`"`, `\"`,
	"\n", `\n`)

// quoteLabelValue takes an arbitrary string, and quotes it so it can be
// used as a label value. Output includes the wrapping `"`.
func quoteLabelValue(v string) string {
	// The spec requires label values to be valid UTF8, with `\`, `"` and "\n"
	// escaped.  If it's invalid UTF8, hard-quote it first.  This will result
	// in uglier looking values, but they will be well formed.
	if !utf8.ValidString(v) {
		v = strconv.QuoteToASCII(v)
		v = v[1 : len(v)-1]
	}

	return `"` + labelValueReplacer.Replace(v) + `"`
}

// NewInt registers a new expvar.Int variable, with the given description.
func NewInt(name, desc string) *expvar.Int {
	infoMu.Lock()
	descriptions[name] = desc
	infoMu.Unlock()
	return expvar.NewInt(name)
}

// NewFloat registers a new expvar.Float variable, with the given description.
func NewFloat(name, desc string) *expvar.Float {
	infoMu.Lock()
	descriptions[name] = desc
	infoMu.Unlock()
	return expvar.NewFloat(name)
}

// NewMap registers a new expvar.Map variable, with the given label
// name and description.
func NewMap(name, labelName, desc string) *expvar.Map {
	// Prevent accidents when using the description as the label name.
	if strings.Contains(labelName, " ") {
		panic(fmt.Sprintf(
			"label name has spaces, mix up with the description? %q",
			labelName))
	}

	infoMu.Lock()
	descriptions[name] = desc
	mapLabelNames[name] = labelName
	infoMu.Unlock()
	return expvar.NewMap(name)
}